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Maria Helena Stenkula (22 July 1842–8 February 1932), was a Swedish reform pedagogue and pioneer on women's education. Regarded as the local pioneer of women's education in Sweden's third city, Malmö, she was the founder and manager of the ''Malmö högre läroverk för flickor'' (Malmö High School for Girls) in 1874-1899. Maria Stenkula was the daughter of physician Zacharias Fredrik Agathon Stenkula and Hedvig Margareta Maria Borg and the sister of the educational reformer Anders Oskar Stenkula, though she was raised as the foster child of her maternal grandfather, who was a vicar. She never married. Stenkula had educational ambitions early on, and wished to become an educated teacher rather than to support herself as a governess without formal education, as was by then most common. She was educated at the Statens normalskola för flickor in 1866-67 and the Högre lärarinneseminariet in 1867-70, from which she graduated in 1870. In 1874, she and her fellow student Elin Lunnerquist co-founded a girl school in Malmö, Maria Stenkulas skola (in 1883 named Fröken Maria Stenkulas högre elementarskola för flickor, and in 1884 Malmö högre läroverk för flickor). She served as its principal between 1874 and 1899, and was also its teacher in German language and church history. Elin Lunnerquist married and left the school in 1878. Maria Stenkula was inspired by the progressive ideas of the time, in which females should be given a serious education to enable them to be useful to society as professionals, which had been the focus in the Girl School Committee of 1866. The school of Stenkula has been referred to as the first notable school for girls in Malmö: while there were several serious secondary education schools for girls in Stockholm and Gothenburg, such opportunities had been closed to females in Malmö, the third largest city in Sweden. While this is in fact not literary true, as Caroline Kléen managed the first girl school of note in Malmö between 1850 and 1870 and Elise Mayr the second in 1857-1888, her school was nevertheless a local pioneer establishment and known and respected for its innovations. It was very successful, arguably the largest school open to females in Malmö. In 1883, it had 200-300 students with an eight-year elementary and primary school and a three-year secondary education class. She focused in humanistic subjects, offered Swedish, French, German and English, singing education, introduced home economics, daily gymnastics, education in health, school trips and school libraries. As a person, she is described as strict but a skillful pedagogue who devoted her life to her educational ambitions. In 1899, Stenkula resigned from her position and left Malmö for Örkelljunga, where she founded and managed a small school in 1900-1917. It too became a local pioneer institution, and lay the foundation of the local high school and public secondary educational school in Örkelljunga. In 1940, the school of Maria Stenkula, ''Malmö högre läroverk för flickor'' from 1870, as well as the other girl schools of Malmö, ''Tekla Åbergs högre läroverk för flickor'' from 1857, and ''Anna och Eva Bundts skola för flickor'' from 1887, were all united in the governmental girl school, which were later made co-educational. In 1932, her former students founded the ''Maria Stenkulas minnesfond'' (Maria Stenkula Memorial Fund). ==References== * (H Maria Stenkula, urn:sbl:20140, Svenskt biografiskt lexikon (art av Marie Nordström med bidr Andreas Tjerneld (Anders), hämtad 2015-06-04. ) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Maria Stenkula」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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